Ideas from 'Abstract of 'The Fourfold Root'' by Arthur Schopenhauer [1813], by Theme Structure
[found in 'The World as Will and Idea' by Schopenhauer,Arthur (ed/tr Berman,Jill and David) [Everyman 1995,0-460-87505-1]].
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2. Reason / B. Laws of Thought / 2. Sufficient Reason
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4187
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'There is nothing without a reason why it should be rather than not be' (a generalisation of 'Why?')
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10. Modality / C. Sources of Modality / 1. Sources of Necessity
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4192
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All necessity arises from causation, which is conditioned; there is no absolute or unconditioned necessity
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11. Knowledge Aims / A. Knowledge / 2. Understanding
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4190
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All understanding is an immediate apprehension of the causal relation
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16. Persons / C. Self-Awareness / 2. Knowing the Self
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4191
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What we know in ourselves is not a knower but a will
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16. Persons / D. Continuity of the Self / 3. Reference of 'I'
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21368
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The knot of the world is the use of 'I' to refer to both willing and knowing
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27. Natural Reality / D. Time / 1. Nature of Time / b. Relative time
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4189
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Time may be defined as the possibility of mutually exclusive conditions of the same thing
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